@inbook{1410,
  author = {Scott Diddams and Jun Ye and L. Hollberg},
  title = {Femtosecond Lasers for Optical Clocks and Low Noise Frequency Synthesis},
  abstract = {In the late 1990’s mode-locked femtosecond lasers were introduced as an important new tool for the synthesis and measurement of optical frequencies.  The simplicity, robustness and improved precision of femtosecond lasers have now led to their prominence in the field of optical frequency metrology.  In addition, their use is developing significant new time-domain applications based on the precise control of the carrier-envelope phase.  It is anticipated that narrow linewidth lasers referenced to optical transitions in atoms and ions will soon be the best electromagnetic frequency references of any kind, with projected fractional frequency instability below 1x10-15t-1/2 and uncertainties approaching 1x10-18.  When used in conjunction with such ultraprecise frequency standards, the femtosecond laser serves as a broadband synthesizer that phase coherently converts the input optical frequency to an array of optical frequencies spanning hundreds of terahertz and to countable microwave frequencies.  The excess fractional frequency noise introduced in the synthesis process can approach the level of 1x10-19.},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {225-262},
  month = {2005-04},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  address = {Boston},
  isbn = {0-387-23790-9},
  doi = {10.1007/0-387-23791-7_9},
}